Ko te paninga ā-wai he momo rauemi hanga polymer wai matotoru, kāore he āhua motuhake i te pāmahana rūma. Whai muri i te paninga, ka taea te hanga i tētahi paninga wai-haumāota pakari ki runga i te mata o te turanga mā te mimiti wairewa, te mimiti wai, te whakamaroke tauhohenga rānei. Ko ngā paninga ā-wai mō te hanganga ko te paninga ā-wai silicone, te paninga ā-wai rapa silicone, te paninga ā-wai karaihe urunga-hanga-pūmau-sima, te paninga ā-wai piriti tiaki taiao-pūmau-wai. Ka taea te whakamātautau i ngā paerewa mahi pēnei i te ngāwari o te pāmahana iti me te ātete-wai mā ētahi tikanga whakamātautau.

1. Tirohia te peita ā-wai mō te hanga whare! Momo 1 te peita ā-wai mō te hanga whare.

Ko te paninga ātete-wai he kapia ātete-wai wairewa-wai hei rauemi turanga, e whakamahi ana i te whakamomona hangarau-teitei i hangaia mai i te paninga ātete-wai hanga. Ko te paninga ātete-wai he paninga ātete-wai whakamomona-wai i hangaia mai i te whakamomona rapa ātete-wai, i tētahi atu whakamomona rānei hei rauemi turanga, me te wai, te whakakī patu me ngā momo āwhina. He tino pai ngā āhuatanga o te paninga o te rauemi ātete-wai me te ātete-wai uru, ā, he tino pai te ātete-wai, te uruhanga, te hanga kiriata, te ngāwari, te hiri, te roa me te ātete-pāmahana iti.

2. Paninga ātete wai rapa silicone

Ko te paninga ārai wai rapa he momo paninga ārai wai-wai me te rapa silicone emulsion me ētahi atu matatini emulsion hei taputapu matua, me te tāpiri i te whakakī kore-waro, te kaihoko hononga whakawhiti, te whakakorikori, te kaihoko whakapakari, te tango pahuka me ētahi atu tāpiri matū. He tino pai te mahi a te hua o te paninga ārai wai pani me te paninga ārai wai kukū, me te ātete wai, te uruhanga, te hanganga kiriata, te ngāwari, te hiri me te ātete pāmahana iti. He kaha te urutau ki te whakarerekētanga o te turanga, he hohonu ki roto i te turanga, ā, he pakari te whakakotahitanga o te turanga. He watea te huri hangarau, te oro, te rehu, he tere te hanga kiriata. Ka taea te whakamahi mō te hanganga turanga mākū, kāore he paitini, kāore he reka, kāore e mura, he haumaru me te pono, me ngā tae rerekē o te peita ārai wai, he ngāwari ki te tiaki. Ko te paninga ārai wai rapa silicone he momo paninga ārai wai-emulsion me te wai hei reo marara. I muri i te maroke me te whakapakeke, ka hangaia he pūhui polymer me te hanganga whatunga. I muri i te paninga o te mata o ia paparanga turanga ki te paninga ārai wai, ka piki ake te kiato matūriki ka ngaro te rere me te urunga me te mimiti o te wai. I te haere tonu o te tukanga whakamaroke, ka ngaro te wai nui, ā, ka piri haere ngā matūriki emulsion ka whakawhāiti. I raro i te mahi a te hononga whakawhiti me te whakakorikori, i whakahaerehia te tauhohenga hononga whakawhiti, ā, i te mutunga ka hangaia he kiriata rapa pīwariwari ōrite, matotoru hoki.

I te whanaketanga o ngā paninga ārai wai rauropi, kei te whanake haere hoki ngā paninga ārai wai mō ngā patu. I tēnei wā, kua noho ngā paninga ārai wai rauropi kore-rauropi hei wāhi rangahau. Ko tētahi o ngā arotahi o te whanaketanga o ngā rauemi taiao i te rautau 21.

E rua ngā momo paninga ārai wai mō ngā patu: ko ngā paninga ārai wai kua pania me ngā paninga ārai wai tioata uru.

1. I roto i te tukanga tono me te whakawhanaketanga hangarau, ka tūtohutia tuatahi kia whakamahia he paninga ā-waihanga tioata e hangai ana ki te sima hei ārai i te wai i te mata o roto o te whare. He tino pai mō ngā tipu maimoatanga paru, ngā puna wai ora me ētahi atu kaupapa rite.

Mai i te tekau tau atu i 1960, hei tikanga ārai wai whai hua mō te tuara o ngā hanganga raima (tikanga ārai wai ā-roto), kua whānui haere te whānuitanga o te paninga ārai wai tioata uruhanga sima, ā, kua uru ki tētahi mara hou o te whakamahinga i roto i te hangarau hanga. I tēnei wā, kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā paninga ārai wai tioata uruhanga sima i roto i ngā hanganga o raro whenua o ngā whare ahumahi me ngā whare ā-iwi, ngā ara rerewē waka a te iwi, ngā papa piriti, ngā whare wai inu, ngā whare maimoatanga paru, ngā teihana hiko wai, ngā whare hiko karihi, ngā kaupapa tiaki wai me ētahi atu mara. He pai te uruhanga, he kaha te piri, he ātete ki te waikura maitai, he kino ki te tinana tangata, he watea te hanganga.

2. Ko te paninga ārai wai mō te piriti tiaki taiao e hangai ana ki te wai he momo paninga ārai wai hou, he pai te wairewa ki te wai, kāore e paitini, kāore e poke, he kaha te here, he ngāwari te whakamahi, he whānui te pāmahana teitei me te iti, he iti te utu, me ētahi atu. He mea hanga tēnei hua ki te uku hinu kounga teitei hei rauemi turanga, he rauemi rapa polymer hei whakarerekētanga, he wai hei reo. Ka hangaia mā te whakakorikori, te hononga whakawhiti, te whakaemulsification me ētahi atu hangarau, ka whakarerekē i te tukanga whakaputa tuku iho.

3. Ngā painga matua: Ka taea te whakarerekē i te ōwehenga o te rauemi whakamahana, te whakapūhui polymer rānei ki te sima kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga ngāwari me te kaha o ngā kaupapa rerekē, ā, he watea hoki te tikanga hanga. Ka whakamahia e tēnei momo paninga ātete wai te wai hei whakamarara hei whakaoti i te parahanga taiao me ngā kino ki te hauora tangata o ngā paninga ātete wai e ahu mai ana i te whakarewa pērā i te tā me te uku. Nō reira, i ngā tau tata nei, kua tere te whanaketanga i roto i te kāinga me tāwāhi, ā, kua noho hei whetu rongonui i roto i ngā rauemi ātete wai.

4. Pania pakitara o waho ki te kiriaku silicone Ko te paninga pakitara o waho ki te kiriaku silicone te whakarāpopototanga o te paninga pakitara o waho ki te kiriaku silicone. He paninga pakitara o waho kounga teitei hou, he ātete ki te huarere (neke atu i te 10 tau te roa o te mahi) me te parahanga kino. He whānuitia te whakamahinga hei paninga ātete wai. Kāore te peita rapa e paitini, kāore e parahanga ki te taiao, ā, kāore hoki e kino ki te tinana tangata. Ko ngā rauemi hanga e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga taiao o nāianei ko ngā hua whakakapinga mō ngā paninga. Tikanga whakamātautau paninga ātete wai polyurethane 1.

1. Hanga. Ngā taputapu whakakanapa whakamātautau: ngā tauira paninga; Pouaka whakamaroke hau hiko: te tika o te whakahaere 2.

2. Wāhanga whakamātautau:

(1) I mua i te whakamātautau, me waiho ngā pupuhi hau, ngā taputapu me te peita i raro i ngā āhuatanga whakamātautau paerewa mō te neke atu i te 24 hāora.

(2) Inehia te nui o te tauira e hiahiatia ana hei whakarite i te matotoru o te paninga whakamutunga (1.50.2) mm.

(3) Utua he rauemi whakamātautau kotahi hei whakaranu i te peita ātete ahi kia ōrite, paunatia kia tika te peita ātete ahi maha-wai kia rite ki ngā ture a te kaihanga, kātahi ka whakaranua kia ōrite te rauemi whakamātautau. E ai ki te hiahia, ko te nui o te wai whakamātao ka taea te rite ki te nui kua tohua e te kaihanga, ā, ina kei roto te nui o te wai whakamātao i tētahi awhe, ka taea te whakamahi i te uara waenga.

(4) Kia oti te whakaranu i te hua, whakaranua katoatia mō te 5 meneti, ringihia ki roto i te pouaka whakapā kia kore ai e uru ngā mirumiru. Kāore te anga pokepoke e piko, ā, he maeneene te mata. Hei āwhina i te ngaronga o te huruhuru, ka taea e koe te rongoā tuatahi ki te rongoā tango huruhuru i mua i te paninga. E ai ki ngā whakaritenga a te kaihanga, me peita te tauira neke atu i te kotahi (tae atu ki te 3 ngā wā), me ia wā kaua e neke atu i te 24 hāora. Me whakataurite te mata mō te wā whakamutunga, kātahi ka whakamaroke.

(5) Ngā tikanga whakamaroke o te whakarite paninga: me tango i te paninga i te wā e hiahiatia ana, ā, i muri i te tango i te paninga, ka hurihia te paninga kia whakamaroke kia kore ai e puta te tukanga tango. Paninga kore-whakangaro. Hei whakahaere i te tangohanga, ka taea te mahi i ngā pāmahana iti, engari kaua te pāmahana tangohanga e iti iho i te pāmahana ngāwari o te pāmahana iti.

2. Whakamātautau ātete-wai.

1. Taputapu whakamātautau: mita ātete-wai; Ko te kōhao he 0.2 mm. Ngā mahi whakamātautau:

(1) Tapahia kia toru ngā tauira, tata ki te (150150)mm te rahi, waiho mō te 2 hāora i raro i ngā tikanga whakamātautau paerewa, whakakīia te taputapu ki te wai i te pāmahana o te (235), ā, tangohia rawatia te hau i roto i te taputapu.

(2) Whakatakotoria te tauira ki runga i te pereti uruhanga, tāpirihia he mata whakarewa rite te rahi ki te tauira, taupokina te pereti taketake 7-kōhao, ka piri mārire kia mau rawa te tauira ki runga i te pereti. Whakamarokehia te mata kore-pa o te matū ki te kakahu, ki te hau kōpeke rānei, ka pēhi mārire ki te pēhanga kua tohua.

(3) Kia tae ki te pēhanga kua tohua, kia mau tonu te pēhanga mō te (302) meneti. Ka kitea te urunga wai o te tauira i te wā o te whakamātautau (he hekenga ohorere o te pēhanga wai, he wai rānei kei runga i te mata kāore e anga atu ana o te tauira).

Tikanga whakamātautau paninga ātete wai polymer:

I. Te whakarite tauira me te tauira. Paunatia he nui e tika ana o ngā wāhanga wai me ngā wāhanga totoka o te tauira, whakatakotoria ki raro i ngā tikanga whakamātautau paerewa e ai ki te ōwehenga kua tohua e te kaihanga, mō te 5 meneti, whakaohokia mā te mīhini mō te 5 meneti, waiho kia tū mō te 1 ki te 3 meneti hei whakaiti i ngā mirumiru, kātahi ka ringihia ki roto i te anga pokepoke paninga kua tohua i roto i te "Tikanga Whakamātautau Paninga Ātete Wai Polyurethane" mō te paninga. Hei whakahaere i te tukunga, ka taea te rongoā i te mata o te kiriata ki te kaihoko tuku. Ka pania te tauira kia rua, kia toru rānei ngā wā i te wā whakarite, ā, me mahi te paninga whakamutunga i muri i te maroke o te paninga o mua, ā, ko te wā mo te rua o ngā haerenga ko (12~24) h, kia taea ai e te matotoru o te tauira te eke ki te (1.5±0.50) mm. Ka waruhia te mata o te tauira paninga whakamutunga kia papatahi, ka waiho mō te 96h i raro i ngā tikanga paerewa, kātahi ka wetekina. I rongoāhia te tauira kua tangohia i roto i te oumu whakamaroke i te taha (40±2) ℃ ki runga mō te 48 haora, kātahi ka whakanohoia ki roto i te whakamaroke kia whakamatao ki te pāmahana rūma.

e rua ngā whakamātautau ātete wai

I tapahia te tauira kua whakaritea kia toru ngā wāhanga (150×150mm) i muri i te whakamaroke, ā, i whakamatautauria kia rite ki ngā taputapu whakamātautau kua whakaritea me ngā tikanga mō te whakamātautau ātete wai. Ko te pēhanga whakamātautau he 0.3MPa, ā, i puritia te pēhanga mō te 30 meneti.

Paerewa whakamātautau mō te hanga paninga ātete wai

1. Te Whakaroa Ko te whakaroa te mea nui kia whai mana ngā momo paninga ā-wai katoa ki te whakarerekē i te āhua o te paparanga turanga, kia mau ai te pānga ā-wai.

2. Ngāwari i te pāmahana Ka rere te peita i te pāmahana nui rawa, ka ngatata hoki i te pāmahana iti rawa, nō reira ko te ngāwari i te pāmahana iti he tohu matua anō hoki mō te peita.

3. Ārai-Wai Mō ngā waitohu tekau o runga o ngā paninga ā-wai, ko te ārai-wai te mahi tino nui. Mēnā kāore e taea te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga kounga, ka turuturu tika te paparanga ā-wai i muri i te otinga.

4. Te Ihirangi Totoka Ko te ihirangi totoka e pā ana ki te kounga o te wāhanga totoka i roto i ngā wāhanga paru, koinei te matū hanga kiriata matua o ngā momo paninga ātete wai. Mēnā he iti rawa te ihirangi totoka o te peita, he uaua ki te whakamana i te kounga o te kiriata.

5. I raro i ngā āhuatanga hau teitei rawa atu i te raumati, ka taea e te pāmahana o te tuanui o te peita pepa toka te eke ki te 70°C, ki te iti iho i te 80°C te ātete wera o te peita, ā, kāore e puritia mō ngā haora e 5, ka puta he rere, he mirumiru me he pahekeheke i roto i te kiriata, ka pā ki te pānga ātete wai.