Te Kaupapa o te Whakakore

Ko te tango tihore he mahi matū hei whakangaro i te tae i runga i te muka, kia ngaro ai tōna tae.
E rua ngā momo matua o ngā matū tango tae. Ko tētahi he matū tango tae whakaiti, e tutuki ai te kaupapa o te memeha, te tango tae rānei mā te whakangaro i te pūnaha tae i roto i te hanganga ngota o te tae. Hei tauira, ko ngā tae he hanganga azo he rōpū azo. Ka taea te whakaiti ki te rōpū amino ka ngaro tōna tae. Heoi, ko te kino o te matū tango ki te pūnaha tae o ētahi tae ka taea te whakahoki, nō reira ka taea te whakahoki mai i te memeha, pērā i te pūnaha tae o te hanganga anthraquinone. Ko te konutai sulfonate me te paura mā he mea whakamahi noa hei matū tango tae whakaiti. Ko tētahi atu he matū tango tae waikura, ko te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te hauwai peroxide me te konutai hypochlorite. I raro i ētahi āhuatanga, ka taea e ngā waikura te kino ki ētahi rōpū e hanga ana i te pūnaha tae ngota tae, pērā i te wetewete o ngā rōpū azo, te waikura o ngā rōpū amino, te methylation o ngā rōpū hydroxy, me te wehenga o ngā katote konganuku matatini. Ko ēnei huringa hanganga kore e taea te whakakore ka hua ake te memeha, te tango tae rānei o te tae, nō reira, i roto i te ariā, ka taea te whakamahi i te matū tango tae waikura mō te maimoatanga tango katoa. He tino whai hua tēnei tikanga mō ngā tae he hanganga anthraquinone.

Te tango tae noa

2.1 Te tango i ngā tae tauhohe

Me kohuatia ngā tae tauhohe kei roto ngā matū whakarewa i roto i te otinga o te matū whakarewa polyvalent (2 g/L EDTA). Kātahi ka horoia rawatia ki te wai i mua i te maimoatanga whakaiti kawakore, tango waikura rānei. Ko te tikanga ka rongoatia te tango katoa i te pāmahana teitei mō te 30 meneti i roto i te kawakore me te konutai hauwai. Kia whakahokia te kiri, horoia rawatia. Kātahi ka whakamataohia ki te wai mātao i roto i te otinga konutai hauwai. Tauira tukanga:
Ngā tauira o te tukanga tango tonu:
Te tae kakahu → te otinga whakaiti whakakī (houkawa 20 g/l, wairewa 30 g/l) → 703 te whakamaroke i te korohū (100℃) → te horoi → te whakamaroke

Tauira o te tukanga tihore i te tae i roto i te ipu:

Kakahu he tae te tae→rīra→2 wai wera→2 houra tunutunu (20g/l)→8 tae tihore (konutai whanariki 15g/l, 60℃) 4 wai wera→2 wai matao panuku→te taumata konutai hauhāoraiti noa Tukanga whakama (NaClO 2.5 g/l, whakarārangihia mō te 45 meneti).

2.2 Te tango i ngā tae whanariki

Ko te tikanga, ka whakatikatikahia ngā papanga kua taehia ki te whanariki mā te rongoā i roto i te otinga pātea o te matū whakaiti (6 g/L konutai whanariki kaha-katoa) i te pāmahana teitei rawa atu kia puta ai te kiri wāhanga o te papanga kua taehia i mua i te tae anō. I ngā take kino, me whakamahi te konutai haukōroiti, te konutai haukōroiti rānei.
Tauira tukanga
Tauira tae mārama:
Ki roto i te kakahu → tāpirihia he wai mākū, ka hurihia (konutai hauhāoraiti 5-6 karamu rita, 50 ℃) → 703 te korohū (2 meneti) → horoi wai katoa → whakamaroke.

Tauira pōuri:
Tae koretake o te papanga → te waikawa oxalic hurihuri (15 g/l i te 40°C) → te whakamaroke → te konutai hypochlorite hurihuri (6 g/l, 30°C mō te 15 hēkona) → te horoi me te whakamaroke katoa

Ngā tauira o ngā tukanga puranga:
55% konutai whanariki tioata: 5-10 karamu/rita; pungarehu houra: 2-5 karamu/rita (36°BéNaOH 2-5 ml/rita rānei);
Te pāmahana 80-100, te wā 15-30, te ōwehenga kaukau 1:30-40.

2.3 Te tango i ngā tae waikawa

Kohuatia mō te 30 ki te 45 meneti me te wai haukini (20 ki te 30 karamu/rita) me te kaihoko whakamakuku anionic (1 ki te 2 karamu/rita). I mua i te maimoatanga haukini, whakamahia te konutai sulfonate (10 ki te 20 karamu/rita) i te 70°C hei āwhina i te whakaoti i te tihorenga. Hei whakamutunga, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te tikanga tango waikura.
I raro i ngā āhuatanga waikawa, ka taea hoki e te tāpiri i tētahi matū horoi motuhake te whai hua pai ki te tihore i te tae. Tērā anō ētahi e whakamahi ana i ngā āhuatanga kawakore hei tihore i te tae.

Tauira tukanga:
Ngā tauira o te tukanga tihore hiraka tūturu:

Te whakaiti, te tango me te whakama (pungarehu houra 1g/L, tāpiri papatahi o te O2g/L, paura whanariki 2-3g/L, pāmahana 60℃, wā 30-45min, ōwehenga kaukau 1:30) → maimoatanga mua-pāpāho (ferrous sulfate heptahydrate) 10g/L, 50% waikawa hypophosphorous 2g/L, waikawa formic whakatikatika pH 3-3.5, 80°C mō te 60min)→horoi (horoi 80°C mō te 20min)→tangohanga waikura me te whakama (35% hauwai peroxide 10mL/L, pentacrystalline sodium silicate 3-5g/L, pāmahana 70-8O℃, wā 45-90min, uara pH 8-10)→horoi

Tauira o te tukanga tango huruhuru hipi:

Nifanidine AN: 4; Waikawa Oxalic: 2%; Whakanuia te pāmahana kia koropupū i roto i te 30 meneti, ā, kia mau tonu ki te pāmahana koropupū mō te 20-30 meneti; kātahi ka horoia.

Tauira o te tukanga tango i te nairona:

36°BéNaOH: 1%-3%; papatahi tāpiri O: 15%-20%; hopi horoi hangai: 5%-8%; ōwehenga kaukau: 1:25-1:30; pāmahana: 98-100°C; wā: 20-30min (kia memeha katoa te tae).

Kia tangohia katoatia te tae, ka whakaitihia mārire te pāmahana, kātahi ka horoia pai ki te wai, kātahi ka whakakorea katoatia te kawakore e toe ana i runga i te nairona ki te 0.5mL/L waikawa acetic i te 30°C mō te 10 meneti, kātahi ka horoia ki te wai.

2.4 Te tango i ngā tae o te oko

I te nuinga o te wā, i roto i te pūnaha whakaranu o te hauwai konutai me te hauwai konutai, ka whakaitihia anō te tae kakahu i te pāmahana tino teitei. I ētahi wā ka hiahiatia te tāpiri i te otinga polyvinylpyrrolidine, pērā i te Albigen A a BASF.

Ngā tauira o te tukanga tango tonu:

Te tae kakahu → te otinga whakaiti whakakī (houkawa 20 g/l, wairewa 30 g/l) → 703 te whakamaroke i te korohū (100℃) → te horoi → te whakamaroke

Tauira o te tukanga tihore ā-wā:

Te Pingping me te O: 2-4g/L; 36°BéNaOH: 12-15ml/L; Te hauwai konutai: 5-6g/L;

I te wā e tangohia ana te huruhuru, ko te pāmahana he 70-80℃, ko te wā he 30-60 meneti, ā, ko te ōwehenga o te kaukau he 1:30-40.

2.5 Te tango i ngā tae marara

Ko ngā tikanga e whai ake nei e whakamahia ana hei tango i ngā tae marara i runga i te polyester:

Tikanga 1: Te konutai formaldehyde sulfoxylate me te kaikawe, i tukatukahia i te 100°C me te pH4-5; he nui ake te pānga maimoatanga i te 130°C.

Tikanga 2: Ka tukatukahia te konutai kōroiti me te waikawa formic i te 100°C me te pH 3.5.

Ko te hua pai ko te maimoatanga tuatahi, ā, muri iho ko te maimoatanga tuarua. Ki te taea, tāpirihia he tae pango ki te tae i muri i te maimoatanga.

2.6 Te tango i ngā tae kationika

Ko te tango i ngā tae marara i runga i te polyester e whakamahia ana i ēnei tikanga:

I roto i te kaukau kei roto ko te 5 ml/rita monoethanolamine me te 5 karamu/rita konutai pūhaumāota, whakamataohia kia koropupū mō te 1 hāora. Kātahi ka horoia, kātahi ka whakamakukuhia ki roto i te kaukau kei roto ko te 5 ml/rita konutai hypochlorite (150 karamu/rita chlorine e wātea ana), 5 karamu/rita konutai nitrate (aukati waikura), ā, whakatikatikahia te pH ki te 4 ki te 4.5 me te waikawa waikawa. 30 meneti. Hei whakamutunga, ka whakamataohia te papanga ki te konutai pūhaumāota sulfite (3 karamu/rita) i te 60°C mō te 15 meneti, ki te 1-1.5 karamu/rita rānei o te konutai hauwaiwai i te 85°C mō te 20 ki te 30 meneti. Ā, hei whakamutunga, horoia.

Mā te whakamahi i te hopi horoi (0.5 ki te 1 g/L) me te wai kohua o te waikawa acetic hei rongoā i te papanga kua taehia i te pH 4 mō te 1-2 hāora ka taea te whakatutuki i tētahi pānga tihore wāhanga.
Tauira tukanga:
Tirohia te tauira tukatuka tae papanga whatu kiriaku 5.1.

2.7 Te tango i ngā tae azo kore e rewa

5 ki te 10 ml/rita o te houra tunutunu 38°Bé, 1 ki te 2 ml/rita o te wai whakamarara e ātete ana ki te wera, me te 3 ki te 5 karamu/rita o te waihā konutai, me te 0.5 ki te 1 karamu/rita o te paura anthraquinone. Mena he nui te waihā konutai me te waihā konutai, ka whero te wai tango i te waihā konutai. Mena ka huri kōwhai, ka parauri rānei, me tāpiri he houra tunutunu, he waihā konutai rānei. Me horoi pai te kakahu kua tangohia.

2.8 Te tihore i te peita

He uaua te tihore i te peita, ko te tikanga he whakamahi i te pāhare pāporo hei tihore.

Tauira tukanga:

Te tae i te kakahu hapa → te hurihuri i te pāhare pākawa (18 karamu/rita) → te horoi ki te wai → te hurihuri i te waikawa oxalic (20 karamu/rita, 40°C) → te horoi ki te wai → te whakamaroke.

Te tango i ngā mea whakaoti e whakamahia whānuitia ana

3.1 Te tango i te matū whakapiri

Ka taea te tango i te kaihoko whakapiri Y mā te whakamahi i te iti o te pungarehu houra me te tāpiri i te O; ka taea te tango i te kaihoko whakapiri polyamine cationic mā te kohua me te waikawa acetic.

3.2 Te tango i te hinu silicone me te whakangawari

I te nuinga o te wā, ka taea te tango i ngā mea whakangawari mā te horoi ki te hopi horoi, ā, i ētahi wā ka whakamahia te pungarehu houra me te hopi horoi; me tango ētahi mea whakangawari mā te waikawa formic me te surfactant. Ko te tikanga tango me ngā tikanga tukanga ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā whakamātautau tauira.

He uaua ake te tango i te hinu silicone, engari mā te whakamahi i tētahi matū horoi motuhake, i raro i ngā āhuatanga kawakore kaha, ka taea te whakamahi i te kohua hei tango i te nuinga o te hinu silicone. Ko te tikanga, me whakamātautau tauira ēnei.

3.3 Te tango i te kaihoko whakaoti kapia

Ko te tikanga whānui, ka tangohia te kapia whakaoti mā te tikanga korohū waikawa me te horoi. Ko te tukanga noa ko: te whakakī i te wai waikawa (te kukū waikawa hauwaiora o te 1.6 g/l) → te whakarārangi (85 ℃ 10 meneti) → te horoi wai wera → te horoi wai matao → te whakamaroke maroke. Mā tēnei tukanga, ka taea te tango i te kapia i runga i te papanga i runga i te mīhini horoi me te whakama mā tonu.

Te kaupapa me te hangarau whakatikatika atarangi

4.1 Te mātāpono me te hangarau o te whakatikatika rama tae
Ina kore te atarangi o te papanga kua taehia e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, me whakatika. Ko te kaupapa o te whakatikatika atarangi ko te kaupapa o te tae toenga. Ko te mea e kiia nei ko te tae toenga, arā, e rua ngā tae he āhuatanga o te tango tahi. Ko ngā takirua tae e toe ana ko: whero me te kakariki, karaka me te kikorangi, me te kōwhai me te papura. Hei tauira, ki te taumaha rawa te rama whero, ka taea e koe te tāpiri i te iti o te peita kakariki hei whakaiti. Heoi, ka whakamahia noa te tae toenga hei whakatika i te rama tae i roto i te iti noa. Ki te nui rawa te nui, ka pā ki te hohonutanga me te kanapa o te tae, ā, ko te horopeta whānui he tata ki te lg/L.

Ko te tikanga whānui, he uaua ake te whakatika i ngā papanga kua taehia ki ngā tae tauhohe, ā, he ngāwari te whakatika i ngā papanga kua taehia ki ngā tae tāke; ina whakatikahia ngā tae whanariki, he uaua te whakahaere i te atarangi, ko te tikanga he whakamahi i ngā tae tāke hei tāpiri me te tango i ngā tae; ka taea te whakamahi i ngā tae tika mō ngā whakatikatika tāpiri, engari me iti iho i te 1 karamu/rita te nui.

Ko ngā tikanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te whakatikatika atarangi ko te horoi wai (he pai mō te tae i ngā papanga kua oti te tae me ngā atarangi pouri ake, ngā tae mānu ake, me te whakatika i ngā papanga kāore i te pai te horoi me te hopi), te tango māmā (tirohia te tukanga tango tae, ngā āhuatanga He māmā ake i te tukanga tango noa), te whakamahana kawakawa whakakī (e pā ana ki ngā tae tairongo kawakawa, ko te nuinga o ēnei e whakamahia ana mō ngā tae tauhohe; pērā i te kakahu tae KNB pango tauhohe tae-tauhohe pērā i te mārama kikorangi, ka taea e koe te huri i te nui e tika ana o te houra tunutunu. Tāpirihia ki te whakamahana me te horoi papatahi hei whakatutuki i te kaupapa o te whakamahana i te mārama kikorangi), te māngai whakama papa (e pā ana ki te mārama whero o ngā papanga kua oti te tae, inā koa mō ngā papanga kua oti te tae ki ngā tae oko, he nui ake te tae ina he reo, he mārama rānei te tae. Mō te memeha tae noa, ka taea te whakaaro ki te whakama anō, engari ko te whakama hauwai waikura te tikanga matua hei karo i ngā huringa tae kore e tika.), te tae nui o te peita, me ētahi atu.
4.2 Tauira tukanga whakatika atarangi: te tikanga tango o te tae tae tauhohe

4.2.1 I roto i te tāke horoi papatahi tuatahi e rima-matapihi o te mīhini hopi whakaiti, tāpirihia te 1 karamu/rita papatahi, ka tāpirihia te O kia koropupū, kātahi ka horoi papatahi, ko te tikanga he 15% te papaku.

4.2.2 Ki roto i ngā tāke horoi papatahi tuatahi e rima o te mīhini hopi whakaiti, tāpirihia te 1mL/L papatahi me te 1mL/L waikawa acetic hukapapa, ka ringihia ki roto i te mīhini i te pāmahana rūma kia mama ake te rama karaka tata ki te 10%.

4.2.3 Whakakīia te 0.6mL/L o te wai whakama ki roto i te tāke hurihuri o te mīhini whakaiti, me te pouaka korohū i te pāmahana rūma, kāore ngā wāhanga tuatahi e rua o te tāke horoi e mimiti wai, ka horoia ngā wāhanga whakamutunga e rua ki te wai matao, tētahi wāhanga ki te wai wera, kātahi ka pania ki te hopi. He rerekē te kukū o te wai whakama, ā, he rerekē anō hoki te hohonu o te tihorenga, ā, he paku ngoikore te tae o te tihorenga whakama.

4.2.4 Whakamahia te 10 rita o te hauwai waikura 27.5%, te 3 rita o te hauwai waikura whakau, te 2 rita o te houra tunutunu 36°Bé, te 1 rita o te hopi horoi 209 ki te 500 rita o te wai, kohuatia ki roto i te mīhini whakaiti, kātahi ka tāpirihia te O ki te koropupū, te hopi, ka tunua. Kia papaku te 15%.

4.2.5 Whakamahia te 5-10 karamu/rita o te houra tunutunu, ka mamaoa hei tango i te tae, horoia, ka kohuatia ki te hopi, ka māmā ake te tae 10-20%, ā, ka kikorangi te tae i muri i te tangohanga.

4.2.6 Whakamahia te houra tunutunu 10 karamu/rita, te tango i te wai mai i te mamaoa, te horoi me te hopi, ka taea te whakamama ake i te 20%-30%, ā, he pōuri te tae o te mārama.

4.2.7 Whakamahia te kohu konutai perborate 20g/L hei tango i te tae, ka māmā ake pea mā te 10-15%.

4.2.8 Whakamahia te 27.5% hauwai waikura 1-5L ki roto i te mīhini tae jig, whakahaerea kia 2 ngā haerenga i te 70℃, tohua he tauira, ā, whakahaeretia te kukū o te hauwai waikura me te maha o ngā haerenga e ai ki te hohonutanga o te tae. Hei tauira, ki te pahemo te kakariki pouri i ngā haerenga e 2, ka taea te papaku ki te haurua ki te haurua. Tata ki te 10%, he iti noa te rerekētanga o te atarangi.

4.2.9 Tāpirihia he 250mL o te wai whakama ki roto i te 250L o te wai ki roto i te mīhini tae jig, hikoi kia rua ngā ara i te pāmahana rūma, ā, ka taea te tango i te tae kia pāpaku ki te 10-15%.

Ka taea te tāpiri i te 4.2.1O ki te mīhini tae jig, tāpirihia te O me te houra pungarehu tihore.

Ngā tauira o te tukanga whakatika hapa tae

5.1 Ngā tauira o te tukatuka tae papanga kiriaku

5.1.1 Ngā putiputi mārama

5.1.1.1 Te rere o te tukanga:

Kakahu, matū horoi 1227, waikawa acetic → 30 meneti ki te 100°C, tiakina ki te wera mō te 30 meneti → 60°C horoi wai wera → horoi wai matao → whakamahana ki te 60°C, tāpirihia ngā tae me te waikawa acetic kia mau mō te 10 meneti → whakamahana mārire ki te 98°C, pupuri kia mahana mō te 40 meneti → whakamatao mārire ki te 60°C kia puta he kakahu.

5.1.1.2 Tātai tango:

Kaihoroi 1227: 2%; waikawa acetic 2.5%; ōwehenga kaukau 1:10

5.1.1.3 Tātai ārai-tae:

Ngā tae kationika (kua hurihia ki te tauira tukanga taketake) 2O%; waikawa acetic 3%; ōwehenga kaukau 1:20

5.1.2 Ngā putiputi pouri

5.1.2.1 Ara tukanga:

Te papanga, te konutai hauroreiti, te waikawa acetic → te whakamahana ki te 100°C, 30 meneti → te horoi ki te wai whakamatao → te konutai bisulfite → 60°C, 20 meneti → te horoi ki te wai mahana → te horoi ki te wai matao → 60°C, tāpirihia te tae me te waikawa acetic → te whakanui haere i te pāmahana ki te 100°C, kia mahana mō te 40 meneti →Te whakaiti haere i te pāmahana o te papanga ki te 60°C.

5.1.2.2 Tātai tango:

Te konutai hauotaiti: 2O%; te waikawa acetic 10%;

Te ōwehenga kaukau 1:20

5.1.2.3 Tātai hauota:

Konutai bisulfite 15%

Te ōwehenga kaukau 1:20

5.1.2.4 Tātai tae-ātete

Ngā tae kationika (kua hurihia ki te tauira tukanga taketake) 120%

Waikawa acetic 3%

Te ōwehenga kaukau 1:20

5.2 Tauira o te maimoatanga tae o te papanga nairona

5.2.1 Ngā putiputi paku tae

Ina he 20%-30% te rerekētanga o te hohonutanga o te tae i te hohonutanga o te tae tonu, ko te tikanga ka taea te whakamahi i te 5%-10% o te taumata me te O, he rite te ōwehenga kaukau ki te tae, ā, ko te pāmahana kei waenganui i te 80 ℃ me te 85 ℃. Ina tae te hohonutanga ki te 20% o te hohonutanga o te tae, āta whakanuia te pāmahana ki te 100°C, me te pupuri kia mahana kia mimiti rawatia te tae e te muka.

5.2.2 Putiputi tae-waenga

Mō ngā atarangi waenga, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā tikanga tango-wāhanga hei tāpiri i te tae ki te hohonutanga taketake.

Na2CO3 5%-10%

Tāpirihia te O 10%-15% kia papatahi

Te ōwehenga kaukau 1:20-1:25

Te pāmahana 98℃-100℃

Te wā 90 meneti-120 meneti

Kia whakaititia te tae, ka horoia te papanga ki te wai wera i te tuatahi, kātahi ka horoia ki te wai matao, ā, i te mutunga ka tāpirihia he tae.

5.2.3 Te rerekētanga nui o te tae

Tukanga:

36°BéNaOH: 1%-3%

Papatahi tāpiri O: 15% ~ 20%

Hopi horoi hangai: 5%-8%

Te ōwehenga kaukau 1:25-1:30

Te pāmahana 98℃-100℃

Te wā 20min-30min (kia memeha katoa te tae)
Kia tangohia katoatia te tae, ka whakaitihia mārire te pāmahana, kātahi ka horoia pai ki te 0.5 mL o te waikawa acetic i te 30°C mō te 10 meneti hei whakakore i te toenga o te kawakawa, kātahi ka horoia ki te wai hei tae anō. Kaua ētahi tae e tae ki ngā tae tuatahi i muri i te tangohanga. Nā te mea ka huri te tae turanga papanga hei kōwhai mārama i muri i te tangohanga. I tēnei wā, me whakarerekē te tae. Hei tauira: Kia tangohia katoatia te tae kamera, ka kōwhai mārama te tae papamuri. Ki te tae anō te tae kamera, ka hina te atarangi. Ki te whakamahi koe i te Pura Red 10B, whakatikatikahia ki te kōwhai mārama iti ka whakarerekē ki te tae wahine kia kanapa tonu te atarangi.

whakaahua

5.3 Tauira o te maimoatanga tae o te papanga polyester

5.3.1 Ngā putiputi paku tae,

Whakamahanahia anō ki te 135°C mō te 30 meneti mā te whakamahi i te rongoā whakatika putiputi rīpene, te rongoā whakataurite pāmahana teitei rānei, 1-2 karamu/rita. Ko te nui o te tae tāpiri he 10%-20% o te horopeta taketake, ā, ko te pH he 5, ka taea te whakakore i te tae o te papanga, te paru, te rerekētanga o te atarangi me te hohonu o te tae, ā, he rite tonu te pānga ki te tauira papanga hanga noa.

5.3.2 Ngā koha kino

Ko te konutai kōroiti 2-5 g/L, te waikawa acetic 2-3 g/L, te methyl naphthalene 1-2 g/L;

Tīmatahia te maimoatanga i te 30°C, whakamahanahia i te 2°C/min ki te 100°C mō te 60 meneti, kātahi ka horoia te kakahu ki te wai.

5.4 Ngā tauira o te rongoā i ngā hapa nui o te tae kakahu miro ki ngā tae tauhohe

Te rere o te tukanga: te tango i te waikura → te whakahāngaitanga → te tae-whakamuri

5.4.1 Te tihore tae

5.4.1.1 Te whakahaunga tukanga:

Paura inihua 5 karamu/L-6 karamu/L

Pīni Pīni me te O 2 karamu/L-4 karamu/L

38°Bé houra 12 mL/L-15 mL/L

Te pāmahana 60℃-70℃

Te ōwehenga kaukau l: lO

Wā 30min

5.4.1.2 Tikanga whakahaere me ngā mahi

Tāpirihia te wai kia rite ki te ōwehenga o te kaukau, tāpirihia te O kua paunatia kētia, te houra tunutunu, te hauwaiwai konutai, me te kakahu ki runga i te mīhini, whakakāhia te mamaoa ka whakanuia te pāmahana ki te 70°C, ka tihorea te tae mō te 30 meneti. I muri i te tihorenga, tātarihia te toenga o te wai, horoia kia rua ngā wā ki te wai ma, kātahi ka tātarihia te wai.

5.4.2 Te Waikura

5.4.2.1 Te tukanga whakahaunga

3O%H2O2 3 mL/L

38°Bé houra tunutunu l mL/L

Kaiwhakaū 0.2mL/L

Te pāmahana 95℃

Te ōwehenga kaukau 1:10

Wā 60 meneti

5.4.2.2 Tikanga whakahaere me ngā mahi

Tāpirihia te wai kia rite ki te ōwehenga o te kaukau, tāpirihia ngā mea whakaū, te houra tunutunu, te hauwai waikura me ētahi atu tāpiringa, whakakāhia te mamaoa ka whakanuia te pāmahana ki te 95°C, waiho mō te 60 meneti, kātahi ka whakaitihia te pāmahana ki te 75°C, tātarihia te wai ka tāpirihia te wai, tāpirihia te 0.2 houra tunutunu, horoia mō te 20 meneti, tātarihia te wai; whakamahia: Horoia ki te wai wera i te 80°C mō te 20 meneti; horoia ki te wai wera i te 60°C mō te 20 meneti, ka horoia ki te wai matao e rere ana kia tino mātao te kakahu.

5.4.3 Te Whakakore i te Tae

5.4.3.1 Te tukanga whakahaunga

Ngā tae tauhohe: 30% x% o te whakamahinga o te tukanga taketake

Paura Yuanming: 50% Y% o te whakamahinga tukanga taketake

Pungarehu houra: 50% z% o te whakamahinga o te tukanga taketake

Te ōwehenga kaukau l: lO

Te pāmahana e ai ki te tukanga taketake

5.4.3.2 Tikanga whakahaere me ngā mahi
Whāia te tikanga me ngā kaupae tae noa.

He kupu whakataki poto mō te tukanga tango tae o te papanga whakaranu

Ka taea te tango wāhanga o ngā tae marara me ngā tae waikawa mai i te papanga diacetate/huruhuru me te 3 ki te 5% alkylamine polyoxyethylene i te 80 ki te 85°C me te pH 5 ki te 6 mō te 30 ki te 60 meneti. Ka taea hoki e tēnei maimoatanga te tango wāhanga o ngā tae marara mai i te wāhanga acetate i runga i te ranunga muka diacetate/nylon me te diacetate/polyacrylonitrile. Ko te tango wāhanga o ngā tae marara mai i te polyester/polyacrylonitrile, te polyester/huruhuru rānei me kohuatia ki te kawe mō te 2 hāora. Mā te tāpiri i te 5 ki te 10 karamu/rita o te hopi horoi kore-ionic me te 1 ki te 2 karamu/rita o te paura mā ka taea te whakapai ake i te tangohanga o ngā muka polyester/polyacrylonitrile.

1 karamu/rita hopi horoi anionic; 3 karamu/rita ārai tae cationic; me te 4 karamu/rita konutai whanariki i te pāmahana koropupū me te pH 10 mō te 45 meneti. Ka taea e ia te tango i ngā tae kawakore me te waikawa i runga i te papanga polyester whakaranu tae nairona/kawakore.

1% hopi horoi kore-ionic; 2% ārai tae cationic; me te maimoatanga 10% ki te 15% konutai whanariki i te pāmahana kohua me te pH 5 mō te 90 ki te 120 meneti. He maha ngā wā e whakamahia ana mō te tango i te muka huruhuru hipi/polyacrylonitrile.

Whakamahia te 2 ki te 5 karamu/rita o te houra tunutunu, me te 2 ki te 5 karamu/rita o te hauwaiwai konutai, hei horoi i te pāmahana 80 ki te 85°C, te otinga kawakore ngawari rānei o te paura mā i te 120°C, ka taea te tiki mai i te polyester/cellulose. He maha ngā tae tika me ngā tae tauhohe ka tangohia mai i te ranunga.

Whakamahia te paura mā 3% ki te 5% me te hopi horoi anionic hei rongoā mō ngā meneti 40-60 i te 80℃ me te pH4. Ka taea te tango i ngā tae waikawa mai i te muka diacetate/polypropylene, te diacetate/huruhuru, te diacetate/nylon, te nylon/polyurethane, me te miro kakano nairona ka taea te tae waikawa.

Whakamahia te 1-2 karamu/rita o te konutai chlorite, kohuatia mō te 1 hāora i te pH 3.5, hei tango i ngā tae marara, cationic, direct, tauhohe rānei mai i te papanga whakaranu muka cellulose/polyacrylonitrile. Ina tangohia te triacetate/polyacrylonitrile, polyester/polyacrylonitrile, me te polyester/cellulose, me tāpiri he hopi kawe me te hopi kore-ionic e tika ana.

Ngā whakaaro whakaputa

7.1 Me whakamātauria te papanga ki te tauira i mua i te tihorenga, i te whakatikatika rānei i te atarangi.
7.2 Me whakapakari te horoi (wai matao, wai wera rānei) i muri i te tihorenga o te papanga.
7.3 Me poto noa te tango i te huruhuru, ā, me mahi anō mēnā e tika ana.
7.4 I te wā e tangohia ana te tae, me tino whakahaere ngā āhuatanga o te pāmahana me ngā tāpiringa i runga anō i ngā āhuatanga o te tae tonu, pērā i te ātete ki te waikura, te ātete ki te kawakore, me te ātete ki te mākū o te hauota. Hei ārai i te nui rawa o ngā tāpiringa, i te whakahaere pāmahana hē rānei, ka hua ake he nui rawa te kiri, te kiri rānei. Mēnā e tika ana, me whakatau te tukanga mā te whakatō.
7.5 Ina tangohia te papanga i te taha, ka puta ēnei āhuatanga:
7.5.1 Mō te maimoatanga hōhonutanga tae o tētahi tae, kāore te atarangi o te tae e tino rerekē, ko te hōhonutanga tae anake ka rerekē. Mēnā ka mōhiotia ngā tikanga tango tae, ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te tauira tae;
7.5.2 Ina tangohia te tae o te papanga i taehia ki ngā tae e rua, neke atu rānei, he rite tonu te mahi, he iti noa te panoni o te tae. Nā te mea he rite tonu te tangohanga o te tae, ka puta noa ngā panoni hohonu o te papanga kua tangohia.
7.5.3 Mō te whakamahinga o ngā tae papanga ki ngā tae rerekē me te hohonu o te tae, he mea tika kia tangohia ngā tae ka tāpirihia anō.