I muri i te tata ki te kotahi rau tau o te whanaketanga, kua riro te umanga matū o Haina hei whenua tino tere te tipu o te ao, kua tino poto ake te huringa ahumahi i a Ūropi, te Hononga o Amerika me Hapani me Kōrea ki te Tonga, e hia tekau tau te roa o te ahumahi matū i Ūropi me te Hononga o Amerika me ētahi atu whenua kia tae ki te taumata tauine, he torutoru noa ngā tau kua mutu te umanga matū o Haina. Ko te rerekētanga, i muri i te taumata tauine nui o te ahumahi matū i Ūropi me te Hononga o Amerika, kua piki ake te maha o ngā hua matū pai e tautokona ana e te hangarau teitei, engari i Haina, nā te iti o te whanaketanga o te hangarau, kua puhoi te tipu o te nui o ngā matū pai e tukuna ana ki te mākete.

E whakapono ana, i roto i ngā tau 5-10 e whai ake nei, ka mutu te tukanga nui o te umanga matū o Haina, ā, ka tere ake te tukanga whanaketanga pai. I tēnei wā, he maha ngā umanga rangahau ā-rohe, inā koa ko ērā e hono ana ki ngā umanga matua, e whakapiki ana i te haumi ki te rangahau me te whanaketanga o ngā matū pai.

Mō te ahunga whanaketanga o ngā matū pai o Haina, i whakarāpopototia e Pingtou Brother ngā kōrero e whai ake nei, tuatahi, ko te whakamahinga o ngā warowaihā waro-iti hei rauemi mata mō te rangahau ahunga tukatuka hohonu, ā, ko te arotahi ki ngā takawaenga rongoā, ngā takawaenga patu pepeke me ētahi atu mara. Tuarua, mō te tukatuka hohonu me te whakamahinga o ngā warowaihā polycarbon, ko te heke iho i ngā rauemi matū pai kounga teitei, ngā āwhina me ētahi atu mara; Tuatoru, mō te wehenga me te purenga o ngā rauemi mata warowaihā waro-tiketike me te tukatuka hohonu me te whakamahinga, ā, ko te heke iho i ngā mara o ngā surfactants me ngā plasticizers.

Mai i te tirohanga utu, ko te whakawhānui i te umanga matū pai o ngā rauemi mata waro-iti te huarahi whakaputa me te rangahau iti rawa te utu i tēnei wā. I tēnei wā, he maha ngā whare rangahau pūtaiao i Haina e kaha ana ki te whakawhānui i te rangahau o ngā warowaihā waro-iti i roto i ngā matū pai. Ko ngā hua e tohu ana ko te toronga matū pai o te mekameka umanga isobutylene me te toronga matū pai o te mekameka umanga aniline.

E ai ki te rangahau tuatahi, kua roa ake te mekameka ahumahi o ngā matū pai neke atu i te 50 i te wāhanga raro o te isobutylene parakore-teitei, ā, kua tere ake te whakamahine o te mekameka ahumahi o ngā hua o raro. Neke atu i te 60 ngā momo matū pai o raro o te mekameka ahumahi aniline, me te maha o ngā huarahi tono o raro.

I tēnei wā, ko te aniline te nuinga e hangaia ana mā te hauwaitanga catalytic o te nitrobenzene, arā, ko te hauwaitanga o te waikawa hauota, te hauwai me te benzene parakore hei rauemi mata. Ka whakamahia i raro i te wai i roto i te MDI, ngā āwhina rapa, ngā tae me ngā takawaenga rongoā, ngā tāpiringa penehīni me ētahi atu mara. Kāore e taea te whakaranu i te benzene parakore i roto i ngā umanga hanga parakore me te hanga matū ki ngā hua hinu, e whakatairanga ana i te whakawhānui me te whakamahi i te mekameka ahumahi o raro o te benzene parakore, ā, kua noho hei arotahi mō te umanga rangahau me te whanaketanga matū.

E ai ki ngā ahumahi rerekē e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā hua o raro o te aniline, ka taea te wehewehe ki ngā ahumahi e whai ake nei: Tuatahi, ko te whakamahinga i roto i te mara o ngā whakatere rapa me ngā antioxidants ka taea te wehewehe ki ngā hua e rima, arā, ko te p-amino-diphenylamine, te hydroquinone, te diphenylamine, te cyclohexylamine me te dicyclohexylamine. Ko te nuinga o ēnei hua aniline e whakamahia ana i roto i te mara o ngā antioxidants rapa, pērā i te p-amino-diphenylamine ka taea te whakaputa antioxidants 4050, 688, 8PPD, 3100D me ētahi atu.

I roto i te mara o te whakatere rapa me te kai antioxidant, ko te aniline i raro i te mara o te rapa he huarahi kai nui, e 11% o te katoa o te kai aniline i raro, ko ngā hua matua ko te p-amino-diphenylamine me te hydroquinone.

I roto i ngā matū diazo, mā te whakamahi i te aniline me te nitrate me ētahi atu hua, ko ngā hua ka taea te whakaputa ko te p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, p-hydroxyaniline, p-hydroxyazobenzene, phenylhydrazine, fluorobenzene me ētahi atu. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ēnei hua i roto i ngā mara o ngā tae, ngā rongoā me ngā takawaenga patupatu. Ko ngā hua matua ko: te p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, he tae azo hangai, he tae ngongo, he tae marara, ā, e whakamahia ana hoki i roto i te hanga peita me ngā tae me te tohu. E whakamahia ana te P-hydroxyaniline i roto i te hanga o te whanariki kikorangi FBG, te waikawa ngoikore kōwhai kanapa 5G me ētahi atu tae, te hanga o te paracetamol, te antamine me ētahi atu rongoā, engari e whakamahia ana hoki i roto i te hanga o ngā kaiwhakawhanake, ngā antioxidants me ētahi atu.

E ai ki te rangahau, i tēnei wā, ko te nuinga o ngā matū aniline e whakamahia ana i roto i te umanga tae o Haina ko te p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride me te p-hydroxyaniline, e 1% te nui o te aniline e whakamahia ana i te hekenga, he huarahi tono nui tēnei mō ngā matū hauota i te hekenga o te aniline, ā, he huarahi nui anō hoki mō te rangahau hangarau o te umanga o nāianei.

Ko tētahi atu whakamahinga nui o te aniline i raro iho ko te whakahāngaitanga o te aniline, pērā i te hanga o te p-iodoaniline, o-chloroaniline, 2.4.6-trichloroaniline, n-acetoacetanilide, n-formylaniline, phenylurea, bisphenylurea, phenylthiourea me ētahi atu hua. Nā te nui o ngā hua whakahāngaitanga aniline, e kiia ana i te tīmatanga he tata ki te 20 ngā momo, ā, kua waiho hei huarahi nui mō te whakawhānui ake i te mekameka ahumahi matū pai o raro iho o te aniline.

Ko ngā hua o muri mai e whakamahi ana i te halogenation aniline, pērā i te o-chloraniline, e whakamahia ana mō te hanga i te FBG kikorangi whanariki, ngā tae 5G kōwhai kanapa waikawa ngoikore, te hanga paracetamol, te antamine me ētahi atu rongoā, engari mō te hanga hoki i ngā kaiwhakawhanake, ngā antioxidants me ētahi atu. Ka whakamahia te diphenyl thiourea ki te hanga i ngā whakateretere vulcanization, ngā capsules vulcanization, ngā potae wai, te waea me te taura, tae atu ki ngā rongoā me ngā takawaenga tae. Ka whakamahia te N-acetoacetanilide ki te hanga i ngā sulfonamides, ngā rongoā mamae, te hukapapa me ngā mea tiaki whakaheke wera, me te whakateretere vulcanization rapa.

E ai ki te aromatawai kāore anō kia oti, ko te maha o ngā hua matū aniline pai kua whakakōpikopikotia ki te haurua o te aniline e pā ana ki te 40% o te maha o ngā matū aniline o raro, engari ko te nuinga o ngā hua e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mara teitei, ā, kāore i te nui te tauine whānui. Nā te whanaketanga kaha o te mara rongoā, kua noho hoki te rangahau hangarau o te haurua o te aniline hei huarahi whanaketanga nui o te rangahau me te whanaketanga hangarau o Haina.

Ko tētahi atu tauhohenga nui o te aniline ko te tauhohenga whakaiti, pērā i te aniline me te hauwai hei whakaputa i te cyclohexane, te aniline me te waikawa whanariki kukū me te pungarehu houra hei whakaputa i te dicyclohexane, te aniline me te waikawa whanariki me te whanariki trioxide hei whakaputa i te waikawa p-aminobenzenesulfonic. He nui ngā rauemi āwhina e hiahiatia ana mō tēnei momo tauhohenga, ā, kāore i te nui te maha o ngā hua o muri mai, ā, e kiia ana e rima pea ngā hua. 

I roto i ēnei, pērā i te waikawa p-aminobenzenesulfonic, te hanga tae azo, me ētahi atu, e whakamahia ana hei matū tohutoro, hei matū whakamātautau me te matū tātari chromatographic, ā, ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei patupatu hei ārai i te mate waikura witi. Ko te Dicyclohexylamine, ko te whakarite i ngā takawaenga tae, me te patupatu kakahu waikura witi, me te whakarite i ngā mea kakara.

He tino uaua ngā āhuatanga tauhohenga whakaiti o te aniline, ā, i tēnei wā, ko te nuinga o Haina e aro ana ki te wāhanga taiwhanga me te wāhanga whakaputa iti, ā, he iti rawa te ōwehenga kai, ehara i te mea koinei te huarahi matua o te toronga o te mekameka ahumahi matū pai o raro o te aniline.

Ko te whakamahinga o te aniline hei rauemi mata mō te whakawhanuitanga mekameka ahumahi matū pai, kei reira ngā tauhohenga arylation, te tauhohenga alkylation, te tauhohenga oxidation me te nitrification, te tauhohenga cyclization, te tauhohenga condensation aldehyde me te tauhohenga whakakotahi matatini. Ka taea e te aniline te whai wāhi ki ngā tauhohenga matū maha, ā, he maha ngā tono o muri mai. Ka haere tonu mātou ki te whakahaere i tētahi tātaritanga motuhake, tēnā koa tirohia.