He rerekē ngā whakaritenga a ngā wāhanga mākete rerekē mō te kounga me te utu o te haukini.

Mai i te tau 2022, kua whakatinanahia te whakamahere kaupapa haukini matomato ā-rohe, i te mea ko te wā hanga o te kaupapa he 2 ki te 3 tau te roa, kua tata te kaupapa haukini matomato ā-rohe ki te whakauru i te whakaputanga pokapū. E matapaetia ana e te umanga ka tae ki te tau 2024, ka eke te haukini matomato ā-rohe ki te mākete, ā, ka tata te kaha tuku ki te 1 miriona tana/tau i te tau 2025. Mai i te tirohanga o te tono mākete mō te haukini hangai, he rerekē ngā whakaritenga o ngā wāhanga mākete rerekē mō te kounga hua me te utu o te haukini hangai, ā, he mea tika hoki kia tīmata mai i ngā āhuatanga o ia hononga mākete ki te tūhura i te whai wāhitanga mākete o te haukini matomato.

I runga i te tauira whānui o te tuku me te tono o te haukini hangai i Haina, te tono kounga hua o ia wāhanga mākete me te utu o te haukini, i tātarihia noa e te rangahau a NENG Jing te hua me te wāhi mākete o te haukini matomato i ia ahunga mākete hei tohutoro mō te ahumahi.

01 E toru ngā huarahi matua o te mākete haukini matomato

I tēnei wā, kei te taurite te tuku me te tono o te mākete haukini hangai ā-rohe, ā, kei te piki haere te pēhanga o te kaha.

I te taha tono, kei te piki haere tonu te whakamahinga kitea. E ai ki te Tari Tatauranga ā-Motu me ngā raraunga tikanga, ko te whakamahinga ā-rohe te mea nui o te mākete haukini hangai, ā, ka piki ake te whakamahinga kitea o te haukini hangai ā-rohe mā te 1% ia tau mai i te tau 2020 ki te 2022, ka eke ki te 53.2 miriona tana i te tau 2022. I te tau 2025, me te whānui haere o te hanga o te caprolactam me ētahi atu taputapu o muri mai, e matapaetia ana ka tautoko i te tipu o te whakamahinga haukini hangai, ā, ka eke te whakamahinga kitea ki te 60 miriona tana.

I te taha tuku, kei te taumata "bottomout" te katoa o te kaha whakaputa o te haukini hangai. E ai ki ngā raraunga a te Nitrogen Fertilizer Industry Association, mai i te whakatuwheratanga o te kaha whakaputa whakamuri o te haukini hangai i Haina i te wā "13th Five-Year Plan", kua oti te whakatikatika hanganga o te kaha whakaputa i te tau 2022, ā, kua rerekē te kaha whakaputa o te haukini hangai mai i te hekenga ki te pikinga mō te wā tuatahi, ka ora mai i te 64.88 miriona tana/tau i te tau 2021 ki te 67.6 miriona tana/tau, ā, neke atu i te 4 miriona tana/tau o te kaha ia tau (haunga te haukini matomato) kua whakamaheretia kia tau. I te tau 2025, ko te kaha whakaputa neke atu i te 70 miriona tana/tau, he nui te mōrearea o te kaha nui rawa.

Ko te ahuwhenua, te umanga matū me te pūngao ngā huarahi matua e toru o te mākete haukini hangai me te haukini matomato. Ko ngā mara ahuwhenua me ngā mara matū te mākete hea o te haukini hangai. E ai ki ngā raraunga a Zhuochuang Information, i te tau 2022, ko te whakamahinga o te haukini hangai i roto i te mara ahuwhenua ka eke ki te 69% o te whakamahinga katoa o te haukini hangai i Haina, ko te nuinga mō te hanga urea, te tongi phosphate me ētahi atu tongi; Ko te whakamahinga o te haukini hangai i roto i te umanga matū e eke ana ki te 31%, e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga o ngā hua matū pēnei i te waikawa hauota, te caprolactam me te acrylonitrile. Ko te rāngai pūngao te mākete pikinga ā muri ake nei mō te haukini hangai. E ai ki ngā tatauranga me ngā tātaitanga o te rangahau Pūngao, i tēnei wā, ko te whakamahinga o te haukini hangai i roto i te mara pūngao he iti iho i te 0.1% o te whakamahinga katoa o te haukini hangai, ā, i te tau 2050, e matapaetia ana ka eke te ōwehenga o te whakamahinga haukini hangai i roto i te mara pūngao ki te neke atu i te 25%, ā, ko ngā āhuatanga tono pea ko ngā kawe rokiroki hauwai, ngā wahie kawe, me te tahunga haukini-whakaurua i roto i ngā tipu hiko wera.

02 Te tono ahuwhenua – He kaha te whakahaere utu o te hekenga, he iti ake te tawhē hua haukini matomato, he pumau te tono mō te haukini i roto i te mara ahuwhenua. Ko te horopaki whakamahinga haukini i roto i te mara ahuwhenua ko te nuinga o te whakaputanga o te urea me te tongi haukini phosphate. I roto i ēnei, ko te whakaputanga urea te horopaki whakamahinga haukini nui rawa atu i roto i te mara ahuwhenua, ā, 0.57-0.62 tana o te haukini e pau ana mō ia 1 tana o te urea e hangaia ana. E ai ki te Tari Tatauranga ā-Motu, mai i te tau 2018 ki te 2022, i rerekē te whakaputanga urea ā-rohe tata ki te 50 miriona tana/tau, ā, ko te tono e rite ana mō te haukini hangai tata ki te 30 miriona tana/tau. Ko te nui o te haukini e pau ana i te tongi haukini phosphate tata ki te 5 miriona tana/tau, he pumau hoki.

He iti noa ngā whakaritenga mō te hanga tongi hauota i roto i te mara ahuwhenua mō te parakore me te kounga o ngā rauemi mata haukini. E ai ki te paerewa ā-motu GB536-88, he tino pai ngā hua haukini wai, he hua karaehe tuatahi, he toru ngā taumata o ngā hua whai tohu, ā, kua eke te ihirangi haukini ki te 99.9%, 99.8%, 99.6% neke atu rānei. He whānui ake ngā whakaritenga mō te tongi hauota, pērā i te urea, mō te kounga me te parakore o ngā hua, ā, ko te tikanga me whakamahi ngā kaihanga i ngā rauemi mata haukini wai kia eke ki te taumata o ngā hua whai tohu. He iti noa te utu whānui mō te haukini i roto i te ahuwhenua. Mai i te tirohanga o te tuku haukini me te utu o te haukini, he tipu haukini hanga-ake te urea ā-whare me ētahi tongi haukini phosphate, ko te utu o te haukini e whakawhirinaki ana ki te utu mākete o te waro, te hau māori me te whai huatanga o te tipu haukini, ko te utu o te haukini he 1500~3000 yuan/tana. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te utu e whakaaetia ana mō ngā rauemi mata haukini i roto i te mara ahuwhenua he iti iho i te 4000 yuan/tana. E ai ki ngā raraunga hua nui o te hapori pakihi, mai i te tau 2018 ki te 2022, ko te utu mō te urea he tata ki te 2,600 yuan/tana i te utu teitei rawa, ā, ko te utu iti rawa he tata ki te 1,700 yuan/tana. I honoa ngā rangahau pūngao me ngā wāhanga rerekē o ngā utu rauemi mata whānui, ngā utu tukanga me ētahi atu āhuatanga, ki te kore he mate, ko te urea i ngā utu teitei me te iti rawa e rite ana ki ngā utu haukini o te tata ki te 3900 yuan/tana ki te 2200 yuan/tana, i roto i te rārangi utu haukini matomato me raro iho i te taumata.