He kaha te kaha o te pūhui cyano me te mimiti irahiko, nō reira ka taea e ia te uru hohonu ki roto i te pūmua ūnga hei hanga hononga hauwai me ngā toenga waikawa amino matua i roto i te pae hohe. I taua wā anō, ko te pūhui cyano te tinana isosteric bioelectronic o te carbonyl, halogen me ētahi atu rōpū mahi, ka taea te whakarei ake i te taunekeneke i waenga i ngā ngota rongoā iti me ngā pūmua ūnga, nō reira he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i te whakarerekētanga hanganga o te rongoā me ngā patupatu [1]. Ko ngā rongoā hauora kei roto i te cyano ko te saxagliptin (Pikitia 1), verapamil, febuxostat, me ētahi atu; ko ngā rongoā ahuwhenua ko te bromofenitrile, fipronil, fipronil me ētahi atu. Hei tāpiri, he uara tono nui anō hoki ngā matū cyano i roto i ngā mara o te kakara, ngā rauemi mahi me ētahi atu. Hei tauira, ko te Citronitrile he kakara nitrile hou o te ao, ā, ko te 4-bromo-2,6-difluorobenzonitrile he rauemi mata nui mō te whakarite rauemi tioata wai. Ka kitea te whakamahinga whānuitia o ngā matū cyano i roto i ngā mara rerekē nā ō rātou āhuatanga ahurei [2].

He kaha te kaha o te pūhui cyano me te mimiti irahiko, nō reira ka taea e ia te uru hohonu ki roto i te pūmua ūnga hei hanga hononga hauwai me ngā toenga waikawa amino matua i roto i te pae hohe. I taua wā anō, ko te pūhui cyano te tinana isosteric bioelectronic o te carbonyl, halogen me ētahi atu rōpū mahi, ka taea te whakarei ake i te taunekeneke i waenga i ngā ngota rongoā iti me ngā pūmua ūnga, nō reira he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i te whakarerekētanga hanganga o te rongoā me ngā patupatu [1]. Ko ngā rongoā hauora kei roto i te cyano ko te saxagliptin (Pikitia 1), verapamil, febuxostat, me ētahi atu; ko ngā rongoā ahuwhenua ko te bromofenitrile, fipronil, fipronil me ētahi atu. Hei tāpiri, he uara tono nui anō hoki ngā matū cyano i roto i ngā mara o te kakara, ngā rauemi mahi me ētahi atu. Hei tauira, ko te Citronitrile he kakara nitrile hou o te ao, ā, ko te 4-bromo-2,6-difluorobenzonitrile he rauemi mata nui mō te whakarite rauemi tioata wai. Ka kitea te whakamahinga whānuitia o ngā matū cyano i roto i ngā mara rerekē nā ō rātou āhuatanga ahurei [2].

2.2 te tauhohenga cyanidation electrophilic o te enol borida

I whakamahia e te tīma a Kensuke Kiyokawa [4] ngā matū cyanide n-cyano-n-phenyl-p-toluenesulfonamide (NCTS) me te p-toluenesulfonyl cyanide (tscn) hei whakatutuki i te cyanidation electrophilic tino whai hua o ngā pūhui enol boron (Pikitia 3). Mā tēnei kaupapa hou, he maha ngā momo β-Acetonitrile, ā, he whānuitia ngā momo matū.

2.3 te tauhohenga silico cyanide whakakorikori waro o ngā ketones

Nō nā tata nei, i roto i te puka Nature, i tuhia e te tīma Benjamin List [5] te rerekētanga enantiomeric o te 2-butanone (Pikitia 4a) me te tauhohenga cyanide kore-taurite o te 2-butanone me ngā whākōkī, ngā whakakorikori waro me ngā whakakorikori konganuku whakawhiti, mā te whakamahi i te HCN, i te tmscn rānei hei matū cyanide (Pikitia 4b). Me te tmscn hei matū cyanide, i tukuna te 2-butanone me te whānuitanga o ngā ketone ki ngā tauhohenga silyl cyanide tino enantioselective i raro i ngā tikanga whakakorikori o te idpi (Pikitia 4C).

Pikitia 4 A, te rerekētanga enantiomeric o te 2-butanone. b. Te cyanidation kore-taurite o te 2-butanone me ngā whākōkī, ngā whakakorikori waro me ngā whakakorikori konganuku whakawhiti.

c. Ka whakahohe a Idpi i te tauhohenga silyl cyanide tino kaha o te 2-butanone me te whānuitanga o ngā ketone kē atu.

2.4 te whakaiti i te cyanidation o ngā aldehydes

I roto i te hanganga o ngā hua taiao, ka whakamahia te tosmic matomato hei matū cyanide hei huri ngāwari i ngā aldehyde kua āraihia ki ngā nitrile. Ka whakamahia anō hoki tēnei tikanga hei whakauru i tētahi atu ngota waro ki roto i ngā aldehyde me ngā ketone. He hiranga hanga tēnei tikanga i roto i te hanganga katoa Enantiospecific o te jiadifenolide, ā, he taahiraa matua i roto i te hanganga o ngā hua taiao, pērā i te hanganga o ngā hua taiao pērā i te clerodane, caribenol A me te caribenol B [6] (Pikitia 5).

2.5 te tauhohenga cyanide hikohiko o te amine waro

Hei hangarau hanga matū matomato, kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o te hanga matū hiko waro i roto i ngā momo mara o te hanga matū waro. I ngā tau tata nei, kua nui haere ngā kairangahau kua aro ki tēnei. Nō nā tata nei i kōrero te tīma PrashanthW. Menezes [7] ka taea te whakakōkō tika i te amine kakara, te amine aliphatic rānei ki ngā matū cyano e rite ana i roto i te 1m otinga KOH (me te kore e tāpirihia he matū cyanide) me te pūmanawa pumau o te 1.49vrhe mā te whakamahi i te whakakōkō Ni2Si iti te utu, me te hua nui (Pikitia 6).

whakarāpopototanga 03

He tino hira te tauhohenga hanga rauropi o te cyanidation. Mai i te ariā o te matū matomato, ka whakamahia ngā matū cyanide e pai ana ki te taiao hei whakakapi i ngā matū cyanide paitini me ngā matū kino tuku iho, ā, ka whakamahia ngā tikanga hou pēnei i te kore-whakarewa, te kore-whakakorikori me te irahiko ngaruiti hei whakawhānui ake i te whānuitanga me te hohonutanga o te rangahau, kia puta ai he painga nui ki te ōhanga, ki te pāpori me te taiao i roto i te whakaputanga ahumahi [8]. Mā te haere tonu o te rangahau pūtaiao, ka whanake te tauhohenga cyanide ki te hua nui, ki te ōhanga me te matū matomato.